Comparison of ordinary machine tools and CNC machine tools

CNC machine tool is the abbreviation of digital control machine tool, which is an automatic machine tool equipped with a program control system. The control system can logically process the program specified by the control code or other symbolic instructions, and decode it, so as to make the machine tool move and process the parts. Control unit of CNC machine tools The operation and monitoring of CNC machine tools are all completed in this CNC unit, which is the brain of CNC machine tools. Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:

1. High machining accuracy and stable machining quality.

2. Multi-coordinate linkage can be performed, and parts with complex shapes can be processed.

3. When the machining parts are changed, generally only the NC program needs to be changed, which can save production preparation time.

4. The machine tool itself has high precision and high rigidity, and can choose favorable processing amount and high productivity.

5. The machine tool has a high degree of automation, which can reduce labor intensity.

6. Higher quality requirements for operators and higher technical requirements for maintenance personnel.

CNC machine tools generally consist of the following parts:

1. The host, which is the subject of CNC machine tools, includes machine parts such as machine body, column, spindle, and feed mechanism. It is a mechanical part used to complete various cutting operations.

2. The numerical control device is the core of the numerical control machine tool, including hardware and corresponding software, which is used to input the digital part program, and complete the storage of the input information, the transformation of the data, the interpolation operation and the realization of various control functions.

3. Driving device, which is the driving component of the CNC machine tool actuator, including the spindle drive unit, the feed unit, the spindle motor and the feed motor. He realizes the spindle and feed drive through electrical or electro-hydraulic servo system under the control of numerical control device. When several feeds are linked, the processing of positioning, straight line, plane curve and space curve can be completed.

4. Auxiliary devices, some necessary supporting components of the index control machine tool, to ensure the operation of the CNC machine tool, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring, etc. It includes hydraulic and pneumatic devices, chip removal devices, exchange tables, CNC turntables and CNC indexing heads, as well as tools and monitoring and testing devices.

5. Programming and other auxiliary equipment can be used to program and store parts outside the machine.

The CNC equipment factory machining center is a highly automated multi-function CNC machine tool with a tool magazine and an automatic tool changer. After the workpiece is clamped once on the machining center, it can complete various processes for more than two surfaces, and has a variety of tool changing or tool selection functions, which greatly improves the production efficiency. Machining centers are divided into two categories: boring, milling and turning according to their processing procedures, and can be divided into three-axis, four-axis and five-axis machining centers according to the number of control axes.